Guest Post by By Itamar Sivan, CEO and Co-Founder, Quantum Machines
For the past decade, quantum computing has often been framed as a race for better, more stable qubits, lower error rates, and larger-scale systems. But after spending years working across the global quantum ecosystem, I have become convinced that the defining factor in this industry will not be hardware alone. It will be people.
Quantum computing is one of the most interdisciplinary technological efforts ever attempted. Progress depends on physicists, electrical engineers, software architects, cryogenic specialists, compiler experts, microwave engineers, algorithm developers, and increasingly, experts in data infrastructure and high-performance computing. No single discipline, and no single company or university research lab, can build scalable quantum systems in isolation.
At the same time, the field also faces a broader challenge: building awareness and talent pipelines far beyond quantum physics itself. The next generation of professionals working in pharma, banking, manufacturing, logistics, energy, and materials science will increasingly encounter quantum technologies in their industries. Developing quantum literacy early, among students, developers, engineers, and future business leaders, will be essential if the technology is to move from specialized labs into real-world impact at scale.
That is why talent hubs matter so much.
The most successful quantum ecosystems are no longer isolated academic groups or individual startups. They are dense environments where universities, startups, large companies, national programs, investors, and infrastructure providers all operate in close proximity and continuously exchange ideas, people, and expertise.
Over the last few years, Europe has become one of the most interesting examples of this model emerging in practice. Cities like Delft, Copenhagen, Paris, Munich, and Innsbruck are evolving into deeply interconnected quantum ecosystems. These are not just research centers. They are places where scientific breakthroughs move rapidly into engineering, where PhD students become startup founders, and where hardware and software teams learn to operate together as integrated system builders.
At Quantum Machines, we see this transformation firsthand through our work with quantum teams across the world. Our recent acquisition of QHarbor and the opening of a new QM office in Delft reflects exactly this shift. And Delft stands out – because it deliberately blurs the boundaries between academia and industry.
Researchers there are not separated from commercialization; they move fluidly between the two worlds. Teams work across physics, engineering, and software disciplines from the beginning. The result is an environment that produces not only excellent science, but also people capable of building real systems. This distinction matters enormously, as quantum computing is now entering a phase where the central challenge is no longer simply demonstrating isolated experiments. The challenge is orchestration: integrating hardware, software, calibration, classical compute, error correction, and data infrastructure into systems that can operate reliably at scale.
That requires a new kind of talent. The quantum computing field needs people who understand not only qubits, but also how entire systems behave under real operational conditions. It needs engineers who can move comfortably between quantum physics and large-scale software infrastructure. It needs experimental physicists who think like systems architects. It needs software developers who understand the constraints of real hardware. These people are still rare talent, globally. There should be more of them.
And unlike in classical computing, where talent pools are mature and widely distributed, quantum expertise compounds geographically. When strong teams cluster together, they accelerate each other. Informal conversations, shared infrastructure, local hiring networks, and close collaboration between academia and industry all create a multiplier effect that is difficult to replicate remotely.
This is one reason why Europe’s quantum ecosystem is becoming increasingly important. Europe has always had extraordinary scientific depth in quantum physics. Historically, however, the continent has sometimes struggled to translate research leadership into globally scaled technology companies. That is beginning to change. What is different today is the growing maturity of the ecosystem itself. There is now more infrastructure, more specialized capital, more industrial participation, and more movement of talent between labs and startups. Importantly, there is also a cultural shift underway: building companies is increasingly seen as complementary to scientific achievement rather than separate from it.
The emergence of these hubs also changes how innovation happens technically. Quantum systems are becoming too complex for vertically isolated development. No single organization will own every layer of the stack. Future progress will depend on interoperability between hardware platforms, orchestration systems, software environments, cloud infrastructure, and classical computing resources.
And that requires ecosystems. At QM, we often describe our role as enabling orchestration across the quantum stack. But orchestration applies equally to people and organizations. The future of quantum computing will depend on how effectively the industry connects expertise across disciplines, companies, and regions. This is especially important as the field moves toward fault tolerance and large-scale quantum computing. Error correction alone introduces immense new demands on software infrastructure, classical compute, data management, and real-time control. Scaling from tens of qubits to thousands or millions is not simply a physics problem; it is a systems-engineering challenge of unprecedented complexity. And systems are built by teams.
For Europe, this presents a major opportunity. The continent already has many of the ingredients required for leadership: world-class research institutions, strong national initiatives, exceptional engineering talent, and increasingly vibrant startup ecosystems. The next step is continuing to strengthen the connective tissue between them. Talent development must remain central to that effort.
That also means starting far earlier. Quantum concepts and awareness should not remain confined to specialized university programs. We need to expose younger generations to quantum science and quantum technologies from school age onward, helping students understand not only the physics, but also the future applications of quantum across industries such as healthcare, finance, manufacturing, logistics, energy, and materials science. The future quantum workforce will not consist only of quantum physicists. It will include software developers, engineers, product leaders, designers, and industry specialists who understand how quantum technologies can be applied in the real world.
Quantum computing will not scale because one company builds a slightly better qubit. It will scale because ecosystems produce enough people capable of building and operating extraordinarily complex systems together. That is why investments in talent hubs matter so deeply. They are the foundation of our quantum era of today and tomorrow.
Photo by U.Lucas Dubé-Cantin on Pexels
